9/5/2023 0 Comments Hippocampus mythology brain![]() ![]() Penfield believed that this lost accessing ability arises from an inadequate blood supply to the hippocampus in old age-because of arteriosclerosis or other physical disabilities. LTP is widely believed to be one of the main neural mechanisms by which memory is stored in the brain. The form of neural plasticity known as long-term potentiation (LTP) was first discovered to occur in the hippocampus and has often been studied in this structure. Since different neuronal cell types are neatly organized into layers in the hippocampus, it has frequently been used as a model system for studying neurophysiology. Hippocampal place cells interact extensively with head direction cells, whose activity acts as an inertial compass, and conjecturally with grid cells in the neighboring entorhinal cortex. Many neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampus respond as place cells: that is, they fire bursts of action potentials when the animal passes through a specific part of its environment. In rodents, the hippocampus has been studied extensively as part of a brain system responsible for spatial memory and navigation. People with extensive, bilateral hippocampal damage may experience anterograde amnesia-the inability to form and retain new memories. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation ( hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy. In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage memory loss and disorientation are included among the early symptoms. It contains two main interlocking parts: the hippocampus proper (also called Ammon's horn) and the dentate gyrus. The hippocampus is located under the cerebral cortex and in primates it is located in the medial temporal lobe, underneath the cortical surface. ![]() It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. ![]()
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